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<title>Jules Chéret</title>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jules Chéret</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Jules Chéret photographed by <a href="Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jules Chéret</div><br><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1836-05-31</span>)</span>31 May 1836<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Paris, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 September 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-09-23)</span> (aged 96)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">École Nationale de Dessin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Lithography, Poster art</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="L%C3%A9gion_d'honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Jules Chéret</b> (31 May 1836 – 23 September 1932) was a French painter and <a href="Lithographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithographer">lithographer</a> who became a master of <i><a href="Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i> <a href="Poster_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Poster art">poster art</a>. He has been called the father of the modern poster.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2></div>

<p>Born in Paris to a poor but creative family of artisans, Chéret had a very limited education. At age thirteen, he began a three-year apprenticeship with a lithographer and then his interest in painting led him to take an art course at the École Nationale de Dessin. Like most other fledgling artists, Chéret studied the techniques of various artists, past and present, by visiting Paris museums.

</p><p>From 1859 to 1866, he was trained in lithography in London, England, where he was strongly influenced by the British approach to poster design and printing. On returning to France, Chéret created vivid poster ads for the <a href="Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabarets</a>, <a href="Music_hall" title="Music hall">music halls</a>, and theaters such as the Eldorado, the <a href="Olympia_(Paris)" title="Olympia (Paris)">Olympia</a>, the <a href="Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a>, <a href="Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Théâtre de l'Opéra</a>, the <a href="Alcazar_d'%C3%89t%C3%A9" title="Alcazar d'Été">Alcazar d'Été</a>, the <a href="Caf%C3%A9_des_Ambassadeurs" title="Café des Ambassadeurs">Café des Ambassadeurs</a> and the <a href="Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a>. He created posters and illustrations for the satirical weekly <i><a href="Le_Courrier_fran%C3%A7ais_(1884%E2%80%931913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Courrier français (1884–1913)">Le Courrier français</a></i>.

</p><p>According to the poster collector Ernest Maindron, who wrote the first essay about the illustrated poster in the <i><a href="Gazette_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Gazette des Beaux-Arts">Gazette des Beaux-Arts</a></i> in 1884, and later published the first book on the subject (<i>Les Affiches Illustrees</i>) in 1886, Chéret, along with the brothers <a href="L%C3%A9on_Choubrac" title="Léon Choubrac">Léon</a> and <a href="Alfred_Choubrac" title="Alfred Choubrac">Alfred Choubrac</a>, was among the pioneers of the illustrated poster.<sup id="cite_ref-maindron_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maindron-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-collins_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1870s, Chéret and the Choubrac brothers reduced the cost of colour lithography introducing technical advances.<sup id="cite_ref-verhagen107_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verhagen107-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Growing_popularity">Growing popularity</h2></div>

<p>His works were influenced by the scenes of frivolity depicted in the works of <a href="Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> artists such as <a href="Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a> and <a href="Antoine_Watteau" title="Antoine Watteau">Antoine Watteau</a>. So much in demand was he, that he expanded his business to providing advertisements for the plays of touring troupes, municipal festivals, and then for beverages and liquors, perfumes, soaps, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Eventually he became a major advertising force, adding the railroad companies and a number of manufacturing businesses to his client list.

</p><p>As his work became more popular and his large posters displaying modestly free-spirited women found a larger audience, pundits began calling him the "father of the women's liberation." Women then had previously been depicted in art as prostitutes or puritans. The women of Chéret's posters, joyous, elegant and lively—'Cherettes', as they were popularly called—were neither. It was freeing for the women of Paris, and heralded a noticeably more open atmosphere in Paris where women were able to engage in formerly taboo activities, such as wearing low-cut bodices and smoking in public. These 'Cherettes' were widely seen and recognised, and a writer of the time said "It is difficult to conceive of Paris without its 'Cheréts' (sic)."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1895, Chéret created the <a href="Ma%C3%AEtres_de_l'Affiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Maîtres de l'Affiche">Maîtres de l'Affiche</a> collection, a significant art publication of smaller sized reproductions featuring the best works of ninety-seven Parisian artists. His success inspired an industry that saw the emergence of a new generation of poster designers and painters such as <a href="Charles_Gesmar" title="Charles Gesmar">Charles Gesmar</a> and <a href="Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a>. One of his students was <a href="Georges_de_Feure" title="Georges de Feure">Georges de Feure</a>.

</p><p>In his old age Chéret retired to the pleasant climate of the <a href="French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">French Riviera</a> at <a href="Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>. He died in 1932 at the age of ninety-six and was interred in the <a href="Cimeti%C3%A8re_Saint-Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimetière Saint-Vincent">Cimetière Saint-Vincent</a> in the <a href="Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> quarter of Paris.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div>

<p>He was awarded the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="L%C3%A9gion_d'honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a></span></span> by the French Government in 1890 for his outstanding contributions to the graphic arts. Although his paintings earned him a certain respect, it was his work creating advertising posters, taken on just to pay his bills but eventually his dedication, for which he is remembered today.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The award was given to him for creating an art form that meets the needs of Commerce and industry. <a href="Edmond_de_Goncourt" title="Edmond de Goncourt">Edmond de Goncourt</a> recognized Chéret as "the first painter of the Paris wall, the inventor of the art in the poster" when he toasted the artist at the banquet held in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1933 he was honoured with a posthumous exhibition of his work at the prestigious <a href="Salon_d'Automne" title="Salon d'Automne">Salon d'Automne</a> in Paris. Over the years, Chéret's posters became much sought after by collectors from around the world.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><i>Palais des Glaces</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Saxoléine</i>,<br><i>Pétrole de sureté</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Taverne Olympia, Restaurant</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Pippermint</i>,<br><i>Get Frères</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Pan</i>,<br><i>a Journal of Satire</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Théâtre de l'Opéra</i>,<br><i>Carnaval 1894</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Hippodrome de la Porte Maillot, Paris Courses</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>L'Amant des Danseuses Roman Moderniste</i><br><i>par Félicien Champsaur</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Folies Bergère</i>,<br><i><a href="%C3%89milienne_d'Alen%C3%A7on" title="Émilienne d'Alençon">Émilienne d'Alençon</a></i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Concert des Ambassadeurs</i>,<br><i>Champs-Élysées</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Exposition Universelle 1889, Le Pays des Feés</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Casino d'Enghien</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>L´Aureole du Midi</i>,<br><i>Pétrole de sureté</i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><i>Recoloration des Cheveux par l'Eau des Sirènes</i></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Les_Ma%C3%AEtres_de_l'Affiche" title="Les Maîtres de l'Affiche">Les Maîtres de l'Affiche</a></li>

<li><a href="Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Nice" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice">Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice</a></li>

<li><a href="Poster" title="Poster">Poster</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-maindron-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maindron_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maindron, <i>Les affiches Illustrées (1886–1895)</i>, p.23; 51–55</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-collins-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-collins_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collins, Bradford R. (1985). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1511527?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">The Poster as Art; Jules Chéret and the Struggle for the Equality of the Arts in Late Nineteenth-Century France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103010637/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1511527?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Archived</a> 3 November 2021 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Design Issues, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring, 1985), pp. 41–50</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-verhagen107-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-verhagen107_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verhagen, <i>The poster in Fin-de-Siècle Paris</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC-S13Hx59UC&pg=PA107">p. 107</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History and Development of Advertising</i> 1929, page 496</span>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040404184103/http://www.cheret.info/">"Biography at Cheret.info"</a>. Archived from the original on 4 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendigitalgallery.com/pages/glossary">"Art Print Glossary"</a>. <i>Open Digital Gallery</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519225230/https://www.opendigitalgallery.com/pages/glossary">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Maindron, Ernest (1896). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lahistoriadelapublicidad.com/docs_ahp/ahp12.pdf">Les affiches Illustrées (1886–1895)</a></i>, Paris: G. Boudet</li>

<li>Verhagen, Marcus, <i>The poster in Fin-de-Siècle Paris: "That Mobile and Degenerate Art"</i>, in: Charney, Leo & Vanessa R. Schwartz (eds.) (1995). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC-S13Hx59UC">Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life</a></i>, Berkeley (CA): University of California Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780520201125</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jules_Ch%C3%A9ret" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Jules Chéret">Jules Chéret</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaneff.com/html/artists/cheret.html">Poster Gallery</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wetcanvas.com/Museum/Artists/c/Jules_Cheret/index.html">Father of modern poster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216173433/http://www.wetcanvas.com/Museum/Artists/c/Jules_Cheret/index.html">Archived</a> 16 February 2007 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jules-cheret.org">Jules-Cheret.org</a> Hundreds of works by Jules Chéret</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFIvesGiambruniNewman1989" class="citation book cs1">Ives, Colta Feller; Giambruni, Helen Emery; Newman, Sasha M (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/92353"><i>Pierre Bonnard: the Graphic Art</i></a>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87099-566-9</bdi>.</cite>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getdownloaditem/collection/p15324coll10/id/92353/filename/92080.pdfpage/mapsto/pdf/type/compoundobject/cpdtype/document-pdf/show/92079">fully available online as PDF</a>), which contains material on Chéret (pp. 10, 93, 111, 146, 148, 149, 150, 203, 204, 126)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224120410/http://www.vintagerio.com/gallery/Jules-Cheret/10/page1/">High Res Images of Jules Chéret available for download</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Jules_Ch%C3%A9ret&oldid=1294243918">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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